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"Virtually fluent conversations": examining post-pandemic year abroad and hybrid learning impact on language degree student experiences

This project takes a novel approach to tracking L2 fluency development in university students learning Chinese, comparing cohorts with differing levels of virtual or hybrid residence abroad experience. The data taken from end of year oral assessments informs a new model for teaching and learning interactional L2 fluency incorporating discourse markers. Findings also provide additional insights into how students connect their own communicative fluency development to perceived employability value post-graduation.